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India Proposes Mandatory Royalties for AI Training, Sparking Global Debate

Artificial Intelligence Copyright Law India OpenAI Google Royalty Systems AI Training
December 09, 2025
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Regulatory First Steps
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Article Summary

India’s Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade has proposed a novel system mandating AI companies train their models on copyrighted content by paying royalties to a central collecting body. This system, designed to ensure compensation for creators and address mounting legal challenges worldwide, would grant AI firms access to all copyrighted works in exchange for payments distributed to rights holders. The proposal comes amid escalating lawsuits globally concerning AI training on unlicensed data, with courts and regulators grappling with the question of ‘fair use’. India's significant and growing GenAI market, particularly its reliance on Indian creators' work, strengthens the justification for this interventionist approach. However, the proposal is already generating strong opposition. Nasscom, the industry body representing Google and Microsoft, argues for a broader ‘text-and-data-mining exception’, while the Business Software Alliance urges India to avoid a purely licensing-based regime. The government intends to finalize its recommendations after a public consultation period.

Key Points

  • India is proposing a mandatory royalty system for AI companies training models on copyrighted content.
  • The system would grant AI firms access to copyrighted works in exchange for payments to a central collecting body, distributing royalties to creators.
  • This move reflects a global trend in addressing the use of copyrighted material in AI training and aims to resolve ongoing legal disputes.

Why It Matters

This proposal represents a significant shift in how AI development is regulated globally. The battle over whether AI training constitutes ‘fair use’ is far from settled, and India's proactive approach – offering a structured, albeit potentially burdensome, solution – could set a precedent. The implications extend beyond India, influencing future AI regulations worldwide and potentially impacting the development and accessibility of cutting-edge AI technologies. For professionals in tech, law, and policy, this development demands close monitoring as it will shape the future of innovation and intellectual property rights.

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